wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The status of the current level of support for App-Bound encryption. This is logged once during browser startup on Windows only. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The result code of the application-bound Decrypt operation. This is logged once during browser startup on a background thread for supported Windows installs only, for a client that is decrypting a previously encrypted stored key, when the App-Bound encryption provider is enabled. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The GetLastError code for a failed application-bound Decrypt operation. This is logged once during browser startup on a background thread for supported Windows installs only, if the call to Decrypt failed, for a client that is decrypting a previously encrypted stored key, when the App-Bound encryption provider is enabled. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The result code of the application-bound Encrypt operation with path validation. This is logged once during browser startup on a background thread for supported Windows installs only, for a client that is initializing a new local state or a previously failing client, when the App-Bound encryption provider is enabled. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The GetLastError code for a failed application-bound Encrypt operation with path validation. This is logged once during browser startup on a background thread for supported Windows installs only, if the call to Encrypt failed, for a client that is initializing a new local state or a previously failing client, when the App-Bound encryption provider is enabled. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The result of the App-Bound OSCrypt Async Key Provider reading the key from persistent storage while being initialized. This is recorded once during browser startup if the App-Bound Key Provider is enabled, on Windows only. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The amount of time, in ms, that it takes for OSCrypt Async to complete the attempt to initialize the keyring during browser process initialization. Recorded once per browser start, if the OSCrypt Async completes the initialization attempt before the browser shuts down. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The result of the DPAPI OSCrypt Async Key Provider reading the OSCrypt Sync DPAPI key from pref store when being initialized. This is recorded once during browser startup if the DPAPI Key Provider is enabled, on Windows only. wfh@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org The version prefix of encrypted data. This metric is reported by OSCrypt Sync when attempting to decrypt a non-empty value on non-Windows platforms. wfh@chromium.org chrome-platform-security-core@google.com Logged whenever the OSCrypt Async instance has been created after a call to GetInstance. This counts the {EncryptorKeyType} key(s) in the keyring. thomasanderson@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org The broad outcome of the org.freedesktop.secrets OSCrypt Async Key Provider initialization, recorded once during browser startup (Linux only). avi@chromium.org lgrey@chromium.org markrowe@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org Once per launch of Mac Chrome, OSCrypt retrieves the "safe storage" item from the Keychain. If an error occurs during this retrieval, the OSCrypt.Mac.FindGenericPasswordResult histogram will have a kErrorOccurred enum recorded, and this histogram will have the actual error code returned by SecItemCopyMatching/SecKeychainFindGenericPassword recorded. In all other cases (either the "safe storage" item was found or it was not found but there was no error), this metric is not recorded. avi@chromium.org lgrey@chromium.org markrowe@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org Once per launch of Mac Chrome, OSCrypt retrieves the "safe storage" item from the Keychain. This metric is logged for every such retrieval, recording an enum of whether the item was found, not found, or an error occurred. In the case of an error occurring, the actual error returned by the API will be recorded in OSCrypt.Mac.FindGenericPasswordError. thestig@chromium.org thomasanderson@chromium.org wfh@chromium.org Logged when a Keychain operation successfully retrieves or adds a password after a previous operation in the same browser lifetime resulted in an error. The logged value is the OSStatus of the *previous* error. This helps track which errors are transient and can be successfully recovered from. thomasanderson@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org True if a token was received from the service. The token is passed back to the service on subsequent usage to ensure the same secret will be returned. Emitted only on Linux when the desktop portal has emitted the request completed signal after user interaction is finished. thomasanderson@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org The result of the org.freedesktop.portal.Secret OSCrypt Async Key Provider initialization. This is recorded once during browser startup if SecretPortalKeyProvider enabled, on Linux only. thomasanderson@chromium.org thestig@chromium.org The result of the org.freedesktop.portal.Secret OSCrypt Async Key Provider initialization if the previous initialization succeeded and the current initialization failed, and the previous desktop matches the current desktop. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org Whether or not the DPAPI Decrypt call to decrypt the OSCrypt key succeeeded. This is logged once during browser startup on Windows. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The amount of time, in ms, that it takes to perform a DPAPI Decrypt call. This is logged once during browser startup on Windows. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org Whether or not the DPAPI Encrypt call to encrypt the OSCrypt key succeeeded. This is logged once during browser startup on Windows, if there is no stored key and a new one has to be generated. This data will therefore be biased towards newer clients. See OSCrypt.Win.Decrypt.Result which contains unbiased data. wfh@chromium.org nparker@chromium.org The amount of time, in ms, that it takes to perform a DPAPI Encrypt call. This is logged once during browser startup on Windows, if there is no stored key and a new one has to be generated. This data will therefore be biased towards newer clients. See OSCrypt.Win.Decrypt.Time which contains unbiased data. wfh@chromium.org forshaw@chromium.org The Windows GetLastError after a failure from calling into DPAPI to decrypt the main key for the os_crypt library on Windows. This is recorded by DPAPIKeyProvider each time the decryption fails. Note that this metric was not recorded between 2021-08 (M91) and 2024-07 (M128). awado@google.com chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Whether the enhanced-security settings bundle is selected. Recorded for all uma log at upload time by the BundleSettingsMetricsProvider for the main profile only. awado@google.com chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records whether the user has changed the javascript optimizer setting from the default for the enhanced-security bundle. Recorded for all uma logs at upload time by the BundleSettingsMetricsProvider for the main profile only. awado@google.com chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records whether the user has changed the safe browsing setting from the default for the enhanced-security bundle. Recorded for all uma logs at upload time by the BundleSettingsMetricsProvider for the main profile only. mpdenton@chromium.org kdlee@chromium.org memory-safety-dev@chromium.org Reports the activation state of {Allocator} GWP-ASan for {Process}. Reported once when the memory system initializes. mpdenton@chromium.org kdlee@chromium.org memory-safety-dev@chromium.org Reports how many allocations it took for {Allocator} GWP-ASan in {Process} to hit OOM. Reported once when GWP-ASan fails to allocate `GuardedPageAllocator::kOutOfMemoryCount` times in a row. glazunov@google.com mpdenton@chromium.org chrome-memory-tok@google.com Reports the GWP-ASan crash analysis result. That can either be a determination that the crash was related to GWP-ASan, not related to GWP-ASan, or an error making that determination. Recorded with every crash. meacer@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the reason why the HTTPS-First Mode interstitial was shown. Only one reason is recorded per interstitial. cthomp@chromium.org chrome-swan@google.com Events for navigations that are upgraded from HTTP to HTTPS by HTTPS-First Mode. Recorded for eligible navigations (HTTP main frame navigations that are not allowlisted), if the profile is opted in to HTTPS-First Mode. Note: This histogram was expired from 2025-12-21 through 2026-05-13. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the HTTPS-First Mode setting state when it changes for a profile. Recorded for regular profiles only (not for Incognito, Guest, or Sign-in profiles). Supersedes the original (superseded) Security.HttpsFirstMode.SettingChanged after the rollout of HTTPS-First Balanced Mode. Note: Compared to the original (superseded) Security.HttpsFirstMode.SettingChanged histogram, this is logged at the point of the UI setting changing, rather than the underlying prefs updating. This change was made to avoid double-counting now that the feature logic is controlled by multiple prefs. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether the HTTPS-First Mode preference is enabled at profile startup. Recorded for regular profiles only (not for Incognito, Guest, or Sign-in profiles). cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the HTTPS-First Mode setting state at profile startup. Recorded for regular profiles only (not for Incognito, Guest, or Sign-in profiles). Supercedes Security.HttpsFirstMode.SettingEnabledAtStartup. zackhan@chromium.org chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com The detailed status of the HTTPS-First Mode setting at startup. This distinguishes between different reasons why Balanced Mode might be enabled (explicit user choice, typically secure heuristic, ESB pairing, or auto-enable). Recorded once per profile startup. zackhan@chromium.org chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records implicit changes to the HTTPS-First Mode setting. This is logged when HFM Balanced Mode is automatically enabled or disabled as a side-effect of the user changing their Safe Browsing setting (e.g. enabling/disabling Enhanced Safe Browsing), provided the user has not manually customized their HFM settings. meacer@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the accumulated number of host that have HFM enabled at some point due to the site engagement heuristic. Includes hosts that have HTTP allowed. Recorded at the time of navigation when HFM upgrades trigger. meacer@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the duration a host has HFM enabled due to the site engagement heuristic. Only recorded for hosts removed from the HFM list. Recorded at the time of navigation when HFM upgrades trigger. meacer@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the current number of host that have HFM enabled due to the site engagement heuristic. Includes hosts that have HTTP allowed. Recorded at the time of navigation when HFM upgrades trigger. meacer@chromium.org cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Same as Security.HttpsFirstMode.NavigationEvent but only recorded iff HFM is disabled by the UI setting and enabled by the Site Engagement Heuristic because the site's HTTPS score is high and HTTP score is low. meacer@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether the HTTPS-First Mode got enabled or disabled on a site due to its HTTP and HTTPS site engagement scores. Only recorded if the enabled state changes. Recorded even for sites allowlisted to load over HTTP. zackhan@chromium.org chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records navigation events (upgrade attempts, successes, failures) for navigations where HTTPS-First Mode was enabled specifically because the user has Enhanced Safe Browsing enabled and has not manually customized their HFM settings. marq@chromium.org bling-flags@google.com Tracks whether a keychain item required accessibility migration and if the migration attempt succeeded. Migration is needed if the item currently has kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked but should have kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock. Recorded on iOS only, after a migration attempt has finished. jdeblasio@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the security level (e.g. secure, not secure, etc.) of each HTTP request, recording one histogram per fetch (i.e. including redirects). Starting from M128, initial HTTP requests to captive portal login pages are not upgraded and this exclusion is recorded in the "HTTP request to a captive portal login page" bucket. Previously, these requests could have been put under various buckets depending on the captive portal configuration. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the reason the page visit ended (e.g., reload, tab closed, new navigation, etc.) for page loads that committed. {SafetyTip} dullweber@chromium.org olesiamarukhno@chromium.org Tracks interactions with the AboutThisSite feature. Recorded when PageInfo is opened and when the user interacts with the AboutThisSite row. dullweber@chromium.org olesiamarukhno@chromium.org Tracks whether AboutThisSite is available for the user's application locale. Recorded every time PageInfo is opened. dullweber@chromium.org olesiamarukhno@chromium.org Tracks status of AboutThisSite queries. Recorded every time PageInfo is opened and information about a site is requested. tommasin@chromium.org sauski@google.com olesiamarukhno@google.com Tracks whether the FPS section was shown in the Cookies subpage. Recorded every time Cookie subpage from PageInfo is opened. Note: This histogram was expired from M119 until M136. tommasin@chromium.org privacy-on-the-web@google.com Tracks the site engagement score when interacting with the merchant trust UI. tommasin@chromium.org privacy-on-the-web@google.com Tracks interactions with the merchant trust feature. Recorded every time the user interacts with the merchant trust UI. Only recorded for familiar sites. tommasin@chromium.org privacy-on-the-web@google.com Tracks the status of the merchant trust metadata received from the Optimization Guide. Recorded every time PageInfo is opened. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the amount of time the Page Info bubble is open before the user closes it, for cases where the user has performed an action inside it. {SafetyTip} cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the amount of time the Page Info bubble is open before the user closes it, for cases where the user performed no action inside it. {SafetyTip} cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the amount of time the Page Info bubble is open before the user closes it or takes an action which closes it. {SafetyTip} evasu@chromium.org extensions-core@chromium.org Records the type of extension-related context that successfully bypassed the popup blocker when creating a new window without transient user activation. Recorded whenever ChromeContentBrowserClient::IsPopupBypassAllowed returns true. evasu@chromium.org extensions-core@chromium.org Records whether a popup without transient user activation was denied (true) or allowed via bypass (false) by the browser process. Recorded when RenderFrameHostImpl::CreateNewWindow is called and the request requires a bypass. hchao@chromium.org clamy@chromium.org cthomp@chromium.org estark@chromium.org jdeblasio@chromium.org src/chrome/browser/local_network_access/OWNERS Result of the Local Network Access Check on a new connection. Recorded once per call to network::URLLoader::OnConnected(), which may be more than once per URL request. jdeblasio@chromium.org estark@chromium.org Records a user's interaction with a Safety Tip. Recorded every time a user uses one of the Safety Tip's buttons or dismisses it explicitly. Can be normalized against Security.SafetyTips.SafetyTipShown, filtered to users with the feature enabled to show the UI. {SafetyTip} jdeblasio@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the Safety Tip status of a page after navigation commit or page visibility change. akhna@google.com chromeos-hardening@google.com Logged when `ContentMainRunnerImpl::Initialize` is called from the browser process. Records the status of the Landlock LSM on the system, whether it is enabled, available but disabled, not available, or undetermined. alexmos@chromium.org helmut@januschka.com Records whether the requesting frame lacks the allow-orientation-lock sandbox permission for each browser-side screen orientation lock request. This measures how often media controls request orientation locks from sandboxed frames before browser-side enforcement is reconsidered. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the number of persisted SCT auditing reports that were loaded and deserialized from disk, if SCT auditing is enabled. Invalid persisted reports are not counted. Recorded once shortly after browser startup (or when the network service restarts). cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the high-water-mark of the number of entries in the SCT auditing dedupe cache. Recorded on a timer hourly, if SCT auditing is enabled. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the final status of an SCT auditing report, when it has been successfully received or it has run out of retries. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether a report was deduplicated (i.e., the SCTs were already in the cache) or not. Recorded on each new report seen by the SCT auditing cache (i.e., on each connection using certificate transparency). cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the high-water-mark of the number of pending reporters in the SCT auditing cache. Recorded on a timer hourly, if SCT auditing is enabled. cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the size of an SCT auditing report that will be sent to Safe Browsing (i.e., was not deduplicated and was sampled). cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether sending an SCT auditing report succeeded or not. This is recorded after we receive the headers from the server (or we stop due to a connection error). cthomp@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether a hashdance report was dropped due to not finding the log metadata for the selected SCT. Recorded once when creating a new auditing report, but before the report is sampled or deduplicated. Note: This histogram was expired from 2024-05-26 through 2025-03-31. cthomp@chromium.org nsatragno@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records the result of a hashdance lookup query. Recorded once per query regardless of whether the query succeeded, failed, or is a retry. Note: This histogram was expired from 2024-05-26 through 2025-03-31. cthomp@chromium.org nsatragno@chromium.org trusty-transport@chromium.org Records whether an SCT selected for a hashdance lookup query was skipped because it was found on the Popular SCTs list. Recorded once when creating a new auditing report, but before the report is sampled or deduplicated. Note: This histogram was expired from 2024-05-26 through 2025-03-31. cthomp@chromium.org jdeblasio@chromium.org Records how many full SCT auditing reports the client has sent (i.e., after a successful hashdance lookup query resulting in kSCTSuffixNotFound). This count is tracked per-client in a pref to limit how many full reports a client can send. This metric is emitted every time this count is checked by the SCT auditing code, after sampling is performed, and only once per report (including across browser restarts). This metric is only emitted for SCT auditing hashdance users. Note: This histogram was expired from 2024-05-26 through 2025-03-31. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the security level of the page that initiated a download (rather than the security state of the connection to the download URL itself). The recorded security level is the level of the page the download was initiated from, not that of the download URL. This histogram is not recorded for downloads that are initiated in a new tab or window, as the security level of the initiating page cannot be tracked. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the security level of a page at the time the navigation commits. Note that the security level of a page can change after commit time, so this histogram should often be compared against Security.SecurityLevel.OnComplete. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the security level of a page at the end of the page visit (i.e., navigating away from the page, reloading the page, clicking a link, closing the tab, etc.). Note that this security level can be different than the initial security level of the page, so this histogram should often be compared against Security.SecuritLevel.OnCommit. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org The final Site Engagement score (0 to 100) of a URL during a visit to a page. Recorded when the user closes the page or initiates a new navigation. {SafetyTip} awado@google.com chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records whether the user has changed the javascript optimizer setting from the default for the standard bundle. Recorded for all uma logs at upload time by the BundleSettingsMetricsProvider for the main profile only. awado@google.com chrome-counter-abuse-alerts@google.com Records whether the user has changed the safe browsing setting from the default for the standard bundle. Recorded for all uma logs at upload time by the BundleSettingsMetricsProvider for the main profile only. cthomp@chromium.org security-enamel@chromium.org Records the time spent on the page (the time that the page was in the foreground from the start of the navigation to the page visit completing due to a new navigation or the tab being closed). This aggregates all foreground time over the entire visit (multiple times in the foreground are added together). {SafetyTip} alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org The maximum number of BrowsingInstances seen in a RenderProcessHost over its lifetime. Recorded once when ChildProcessSecurityPolicyImpl::ProcessState::~ProcessState() is invoked. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org The count of all current BrowsingInstances. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org nasko@chromium.org Time spent in RenderFrameHostmanager::CreateOpenerProxies(), which is a core site isolation function for creating all necessary proxies when navigating cross-site, sending postMessages, etc. This histogram only records metrics on machines with high-resolution clocks. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org wenz@chromium.org The reason why site isolation is not enabled to the extent of site-per-process or stricter, on Android Desktop builds. Records a value of 'Not disabled' if the site isolation mode is site-per-process or stricter. Recorded once shortly after browser startup, because the value does not change at runtime. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org The number of sandboxed iframes that (i) are same-site (and therefore not already process-isolated) and (ii) eligible to be process isolated if SiteIsolationPolicy::AreIsolatedSandboxedIframesEnabled() is true. A sandboxed iframe is eligible for process-isolation so long as it doesn't have `allow-same-origin` among its sandbox permissions, and it isn't an about:blank url. This metric measures the upper bound on the process overhead of isolating sandboxed iframes, namely the case where every sandboxed iframe is placed in its own process. Note that the computation of this metric is independent of the current process model. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org The number of unique origins among the sandboxed iframes reported in SiteIsolation.IsolatableSandboxedIframes. Used to estimate the potential process overhead if a per-origin process model is used for isolating the sandboxed iframes instead of the (current) per-site process model. Note that the computation of this metric is independent of the current process model. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org The number of unique sites among the sandboxed iframes reported in SiteIsolation.IsolatableSandboxedIframes. Note that the computation of this metric is independent of the current process model. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org Logs whether or not a password form was submitted from a site-isolated process that's dedicated to a single site. Recorded when a password form is submitted. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org wenz@chromium.org Whether the site isolation mode is site-per-process or more strict. Recorded once shortly after browser startup, because the value does not change at runtime. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org wenz@chromium.org Whether the site isolation mode is site-per-process or more strict specifically for Android Desktop devices. Recorded once shortly after browser startup, because the value does not change at runtime. bashi@chromium.org gjc@google.com blink-network-stack@google.com chrome-loading@google.com The reason why process sharing is allowed or disallowed for main frame navigation. The UMA is only reported when the feature flag ProcessPerSiteWithMainFrameThreshold or ReusePrerenderingProcessForMainFrames is enabled. The UMA is recorded when initializing a frame tree or getting a site instance for navigation. aattar@google.com olivierli@chromium.org Records whether a recently destroyed RenderProcessHost was found (true) or not (false) that could have been reused for a new main frame navigation. This is recorded when a live reusable process could not be found, by checking for hosts destroyed within the last 2 hours. aattar@google.com olivierli@chromium.org Records whether a recently destroyed RenderProcessHost was found (true) or not (false) that could have been reused for a new subframe navigation. This is recorded when a live reusable process could not be found, by checking for hosts destroyed within the last 60 seconds. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org nasko@chromium.org The count of all out-of-process iframes. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org nasko@chromium.org The count of all out-of-process inner frame trees. Recorded once per UMA ping. dtapuska@chromium.org blink-network-stack@google.com Whether any profile exists with devtools last opened time within 7 days and ProcessPerSiteWithMainFrameThreshold feature will be opted out because of this. This is logged once per browser process launch. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org The count of all RenderFrameProxyHosts. Recorded once per UMA ping. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org The count of RenderFrameProxyHosts in each BrowsingInstance. Recorded each UMA ping, once per BrowsingInstance. clamy@chromium.org Whether SiteInstances with a ProcessReusePolicy of kReusePendingOrCommittedSite could reuse an existing RenderProcessHost or they had to create a new one. True when they reused an existing process, false when they created a new one. (Was expired between M77 and M105 before moving on to V2.) aattar@google.com olivierli@chromium.org Recorded when creating a new process for a main frame navigation, after failing to find a live one to reuse. Measures the time since a RenderProcessHost for the same site was last destroyed, up to 2 hours. This metric does not record a value for misses; use SiteIsolation.MissedReuseOpportunity.Found.MainFrame to determine hit rate. aattar@google.com olivierli@chromium.org Recorded on subframe navigations when a live reusable process could not be found. Measures the time since a RenderProcessHost for the same site was last destroyed, up to 60 seconds. This metric does not record a value for misses; use SiteIsolation.MissedReuseOpportunity.Found.Subframe to determine hit rate. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org The number of currently saved sites that had been isolated due to OAuth. This is only used by Site Isolation on Android. Recorded once on browser startup. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org The number of currently saved user-triggered isolated sites. This includes sites where the user has entered a password while using Site Isolation for password sites (which is a currently active site isolation mode on Android). Recorded once on browser startup. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org The number of currently saved web-triggered isolated sites. This includes sites that were isolated due to Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy headers, which is a heuristic used for site isolation on Android. Recorded once on browser startup. alexmos@chromium.org creis@chromium.org lukasza@chromium.org nasko@chromium.org The count of SiteInstances in a single BrowsingInstance. Recorded each UMA ping, once per BrowsingInstance.